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Christella parasitica

(L.) H.Lév. (1915)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Pteridophyta Class/Clade: Polypodiopsida Order: Polypodiales Family: Thelypteridaceae Genus: Christella

christella, downy wood fern

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Sori:

Gametophyte:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (40)

Aspidium canum Wall. (1829)
Aspidium parasiticum (L.) Sw. (1801)
Aspidium procurrens Mett. (1864)
Cyclosorus albociliatus (Copel.) Ching (1941)
Cyclosorus aureoglandulosus Ching & Shing (1983)
Cyclosorus benguetensis Copel. (1952)
Cyclosorus brevipes Ching (1999)
Cyclosorus didymosorus (C.S.P.Parish ex Bedd.) B.K.Nayar & S.Kaur (1974)
Cyclosorus multisorus Ching (1999)
Cyclosorus orientalis Ching (1999)
Cyclosorus parasiticus (L.) Farw. (1931)
Cyclosorus pauciserratus Ching & C.F.Zhang (1983)
Cyclosorus procurrens (Mett.) Copel. (1960)
Dryopteris albociliata Copel. (1929)
Dryopteris didymosora (C.S.P.Parish ex Bedd.) C.Chr. (1905)
Dryopteris parasitica (L.) Kuntze (1891)
Dryopteris parasitica var. mangarevensis E.D.Br. & F.Br. (1931)
Dryopteris parasitica var. marquesensis E.D.Br. & F.Br. (1931)
Dryopteris parasitica var. pitcairnensis E.D.Br. & F.Br. (1931)
Dryopteris parasitica var. rapensis E.D.Br. & F.Br. (1931)
Dryopteris procurrens (Mett.) Sehnem (1979)
Nephrodium didymosorum C.S.P.Parish ex Bedd. (1866)
Nephrodium griffithianum Fée (1852)
Nephrodium molle var. didymosorum (C.S.P.Parish ex Bedd.) Bedd. (1883)
Nephrodium parasiticum (L.) Desv. (1827)
Nephrodium procurrens (Mett.) Baker (1867)
Nephrodium tectum Bedd. (1892)
Polypodium parasiticum L. (1753)
Thelypteris albociliata (Copel.) C.F.Reed (1968)
Thelypteris aureoglandulosa (Ching & Shing) Christenh. (2018)
Thelypteris benguetensis (Copel.) C.F.Reed (1968)
Thelypteris brevipes (Ching) Christenh. (2018)
Thelypteris didymosora (C.S.P.Parish ex Bedd.) C.F.Reed (1968)
Thelypteris fadenii Fosberg & Sachet (1972)
Thelypteris griffithiana (Fée) Panigrahi (1975)
Thelypteris hattivattiorum Christenh. (2018)
Thelypteris orientalis (Ching) Christenh. (2018)
Thelypteris parasitica (L.) Tardieu (1938)
Thelypteris pauciserrata (Ching & C.F.Zhang) Christenh. (2018)
Thelypteris procurrens (Mett.) C.F.Reed (1968)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 473, 475 (1915)

Other References

Palmer 2003:90 (K, O, Mo, L, M, H [as Christella parasitica]); Snow et al. 2011:15 (Syn. Christella parasitica = Cyclosorus parasiticus); Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016:585/Fawcett & Smith 2021:36 (Syn. Cyclosorus parasiticus = Christella parasitica)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Christella parasitica East Maui, Keanae, Piinaau Valley, Kuo Stream Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 547 Maui BISH 1979-05-15
2 Christella parasitica Koolau Range, Poamoho Trail Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611015270 Oahu BISH 1961-10-15
3 Christella parasitica East Maui, Koolau Ditch Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 601 Maui BISH 1979-05-22
4 Christella parasitica Koolau Range, Waikane-Schofield Trail Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 49 Oahu BISH 1951-12-02
5 Christella parasitica Laie, Oahu, Tantalus Drive Preserved_Specimen Leong, S. 21 Oahu BISH 1960-10-23
6 Christella parasitica Maunauna, Hapapa Gulch Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Oahu BISH 1951-05-18
7 Christella parasitica Tantalus Drive Preserved_Specimen Leong, S. 21 Oahu BISH 1960-10-23
8 Christella parasitica East Maui, along Hana Hwy., Nuaailua Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1757 Maui BISH 1983-05-19
9 Christella parasitica Waimea Canyon Rd., 1 mi. past ranger station Preserved_Specimen Vitale, S. 24 Kauai BISH 1983-02-23
10 Christella parasitica Aihualama, Manoa. Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1926-10-03
11 Christella parasitica Kahana Valley Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1981-01-01
12 Christella parasitica East, Maui, Kaapahu, Lelekea side of old Donkey Trail Preserved_Specimen King, B. Maui BISH 2000-04-04
13 Christella parasitica Kalalau Valley Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1984-07-18
14 Christella parasitica Lyon Arboretum, Cottage A on bank Preserved_Specimen 2-3' fern with hairy fronds and veins that join under the sinus Shearard, D.A. 1 Oahu BISH 1976-10-18
15 Christella parasitica Manoa Falls Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1383 Oahu BISH 1964-06-15
16 Christella parasitica Laie sandy loam Preserved_Specimen long creeping, flexible, with rhizomes Sanchez, S. 28 Oahu BISH 1986-01-21
17 Christella parasitica Waikane-Waiahole trail sunny bank Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3274 Oahu BISH 1926-06-03
18 Christella parasitica Ranae Ganske Property, Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii Growing along the road and auwai in shaded forest with Oplismenus hirtellus. Preserved_Specimen Terrestrial fern, dull fronds, clumping. Crago, L.M. 2005191 Maui BISH 2005-08-11
19 Christella parasitica S of West Lock, USN Ammunition Storage Area, Pearl Harbor, Ewa crushed rock slope, full sun, flat slightly elevated coral reef limestone Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 65068 Oahu BISH 1985-10-26
20 Christella parasitica Puu Kaua, east ridge, Honouliuli; Waianae Mountains. Cloud zone. Preserved_Specimen Higgins, N.H. 52 Oahu BISH 1955-12-11
21 Christella parasitica East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden, SSE of Piilanihale Heiau Pandanus forest, on boulders with Christella dentata Preserved_Specimen epiphyte Flynn, T.W. 2485 Maui BISH 1987-10-20
22 Christella parasitica Waahila Ridge Trail, Koolau Mountains, Oahu, Hawaii Growing along side the trail as well as into the forest/shrubland. Preserved_Specimen Fern, dull, soft-hair surface, once divided, pinnae deeply lobed. Crago, L.M. 2005139 Oahu BISH 2005-05-16
23 Christella parasitica O'ahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge, well-worn hunter trail in drainage on north side of Kipapa Trail, on bank n east side of hunter trail, in shade Metrosideros-Acacia-Dicranopteris-Cibotium wet forest invaded by Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen Medium-sized fern, ~32 cm in legth; fertile. Moderately common along hunter trail in drainage as well as along Kipapa Trail. Reynolds, L.S. 152 Oahu BISH 2006-06-21
24 Christella parasitica Kipapa Gulch, Koolau Mts. In wet gully. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1010 Oahu BISH 1933-05-06
25 Christella parasitica Hanalei District: Kalalau Rim, north, below Puuokila Steep Diverse Montane Mesic Forest with; Remya montgomeryi, Nototrichium sp., Hedyotis acuminata, Nothocestrum longifolium, Schiedea membranacea, Phyllostegia electra, Myrsine linearifolia, Eurya sandwicensis, Melicope pallida; Weeds: Passiflora mollissima, Rubus argutus, Kalanchoe, Erigeron, Lonicera. Area degraded by goats and pigs. Abundant in area. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 1032 Kauai BISH 1991-07-06
26 Christella parasitica Kaala summit. Northern Waianae mountians. Terrestrial plant growing within Natural Area Reserve in Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Melicope dominated forest with Athyrium microphyllum, Dryotpteris fuscoatra, Dicranopteris linearis, Asplenium contiguum, Peperomia macraeana, Labordia waiolani, Dubautia laxa subsp. hirsuta, and Vaccinium calycinum. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 432 Oahu BISH 2022-08-09
27 Christella parasitica Head of Maka Maka Ole stream hillside and stream bank Preserved_Specimen Vitale, S. 53 Maui BISH 1983-03-06
28 Christella parasitica Nuuanu Pali Dr. Above where the housing development ends Roadside, shaded, moist Preserved_Specimen Common in shaded areas Faccenda, K. 1923 Oahu BISH 2021-05-29
29 Christella parasitica along Kuliuwaa Stream clay; rainforest; river valley Preserved_Specimen White, P.T. 17 Oahu BISH 1977-04-05
30 Christella parasitica Above descent into Halawa Valley main highway, roadside bank Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 2442 Molokai BISH 1994-05-05
31 Christella parasitica Limahuli, Haena base of pali in wet gulch, near ditch and path; ferns, grasses, java plum, guava Preserved_Specimen 0.3-0.5 m fern Earle, E. 12 Kauai BISH 1972-06-04
32 Christella parasitica W Maui, Lahaina District, Honokohau Valley, Kava Kamp riparian zone in low land mesic forest; with kava, Boehmeria, guava Preserved_Specimen fern to 1.1 m Annable, C.R. 3837 Maui BISH 1998-03-04
33 Christella parasitica Waimea District: Nuololo; Kuia Natural Area Reserve Metrosideros-Acacia-Dicronopteris Montane Mesic Forest. Associated Plants: Dodonaea, Styphelia, Nesoluma, Labordia, Psychotria, Pleomele, Melcope, Scaevola. Major Threats: Pigs, Goats, Psidium, Passiflora. Collected under forest canopy near stream. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 2266 Kauai BISH 1993-01-12
34 Christella parasitica Kapuna Gulch On a thickly fern vegetated bank above Kapuna stream under a canopy of Aleurites and Psidium guajava. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 761 Oahu BISH 1991-07-17
35 Christella parasitica Limahuli, Haena base of pali in wet gulch, near ditch and path; ferns, grasses, java plum, guava Preserved_Specimen 0.3-0.5 m fern Earle, E. 12 Kauai BISH 1972-06-04
36 Christella parasitica Ulupalakua, adjacent to Tedeschi Winery, NW of Puu Mahoe Shaded 10 ft. deep depression of lava tube opening, growing with Pipturus albidus, Physalis peruviana, Bryophyllum pinnatum, the ferns Nephrolepis multiflora and Adiantum capillus-veneris. Preserved_Specimen Growing on cave floor on soil. Imada, C. 200218 Maui BISH 2002-07-16
37 Christella parasitica W slope of Manuahi Ridge, SW of Keawanui forest with Psidium guajava, Sohinus, Pandanus tectorius, Metrosideros, Aleurites, Kalanchoe pinnata, Zingiber zerumbet; shade Preserved_Specimen ground fern, rhizome short creeping Lorence, D.H. 5435 Molokai BISH 1987-08-01
38 Christella parasitica Koolau Mountains: Manoa Valley; W of Honolulu Along a stream to a waterfall. Preserved_Specimen Kato, M. 6 Oahu BISH 1997-10-16
39 Christella parasitica East Maui, Hana Hwy., 20.3 mi from Post Office, Wailuku side hanging on sides; with Nephrolepis, Rubus, Psidium, Aleurites Preserved_Specimen fern Ishikawa, S. 347 Maui BISH 1973-12-01
40 Christella parasitica Keawanui Bay, W of Pelekunu Bay rocky cliffs, with Pandanus, Aleurites, Furcraea Preserved_Specimen to 1 m fronds, ground fern with prostrate, short creeping rhizome Lorence, D.H. 5407 Molokai BISH 1987-07-30
41 Christella parasitica Waiahole Ditch Trail Very common on steep banks above trail in mixed, mostly exotic wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Little difference between fertile and sterile fronds. Fosberg, F.R. 59468 Oahu BISH 1980-03-01
42 Christella parasitica Wahiawa, Ntional Guard Armory, 95-550 S. Kamehameha Hwy, Wahiawa District cultivated fern Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 9762 Oahu BISH 1996-04-26
43 Christella parasitica Kona, Koolau Mts., Honolulu FR, Manoa Cliffs trail wet forest Preserved_Specimen terrestrial Lammers, T.G. 5316 Oahu BISH 1983-08-27
44 Christella parasitica Waianae Range, trail from Maunauana to Kolekole Pass shaded Preserved_Specimen rhizome creeping Crosby, M.R. 1704 Oahu BISH 1964-07-09
45 Christella parasitica Above descent into Halawa Valley main highway, roadside bank Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 2442 Molokai BISH 1994-05-05
46 Christella parasitica Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Northern Trap & Skeet Range growing out of wall of 3 m deep sinkhole about 1 m down. With algae (maybe moss). Preserved_Specimen BISH staff 60 Oahu BISH 2021-05-11
47 Christella parasitica down Hilina Pali Rd. ~4.9 mi to Footprints trail; down trail ~3.5 mi to ~50 m W below great fault pali, plot 59 shifting ash dunes Preserved_Specimen ~6 fern Newell, C.L. 759 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-02
48 Christella parasitica Tantalus on ground beside trail, shaded by Psidium guajava and Pipturus albidus Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 286 Oahu BISH 1984-08-05
49 Christella parasitica Waipio, Kipapa Stream wet gorge Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10022 Oahu BISH 1929-11-10
50 Christella parasitica Pupukea Highlands 20% slope, red volcanic; orchids, ferns Preserved_Specimen tall, light green Aki, J. 3 Oahu BISH 1969-09-20
51 Christella parasitica Hanalei, Limahuli Valley forest along stream, with Psidium, Aleurites, Schefflera, Metrosideros, Pisonia, Hedyotis Preserved_Specimen terrestrial fern Flynn, T.W. 2313 Kauai BISH 1987-08-20
52 Christella parasitica Tantalus on ground beside trail, shaded by Psidium guajava and Pipturus albidus Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 286 Oahu BISH 1984-08-05
53 Christella parasitica Kailua, Ulumawao damp gullies between ridges Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 89 Oahu BISH 1979-03-07
54 Christella parasitica Honolulu, Bishop Museum Cultivated area with other ferns Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 1757 Oahu BISH 1989-07-19
55 Christella parasitica Kahana Valley, foot trail across Stream dam Preserved_Specimen sori Herat, T. 130 Oahu BISH 1972-08-13
56 Christella parasitica East Maui, Waihou gulch, Olinda Preserved_Specimen 2' fern, sori with indusia, in 2 rows of 1 or 2 at base of pinnule only Hobdy, R.W. 844 Maui BISH 1980-07-06
57 Christella parasitica Puu Uau, Keaiwa Heiau, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611104004 Oahu BISH 1961-11-04
58 Christella parasitica U.S. Naval Communications Center, east of Wahiawa Rare in woods of Psidium cattleianum in deep, steep-walled wooded gulch. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 65112 Oahu BISH 1985-10-28
59 Christella parasitica Waipio, Kipapa Stream Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10013 Oahu BISH 1929-11-10
60 Christella parasitica Kalaupapa; trail, restoration site at switchback 1 Preserved_Specimen parasitic maiden fern Wysong, M.L. 383 Molokai BISH 2004-10-07
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